PartA
Directions: (Questions 1—9).
Read the text and choose the one best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text. Mark the answer on your answer sheet.
Задания: (1—9)
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, следующие за текстом, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Отметьте Свой Выбор В Бланке Ответов.
In the Hebrew villages travellers camped in open places much as the Bedouins do today.
One of the earliest mentions of an inn comes in a biblical passage describing how the sons of Jacob stopped at one on their return from Egypt and gave fodder to their beasts. The inn was similar to the khans of present-day Central Asia, which offer shelter for people and their animals but travellers must provide their own supplies.
The khans were always found in villages, in contrast to the enormous caravan-serais, which were built along the roads at wells or well-watered places. Many caravan-serais, looking like huge stone forts, may steel be seen in Turkey. Travellers staying in khans and caravan-serais were often made miserable by insects and noisy animals.
The Greeks of the heroic age had no inns; instead, travellers enjoyed the hospitality of private homes. The ancient Persians, however, built luxurious inns along their excellent highway system. Innswere introduced into Britain by the Romansat the time of the conquest (first century A. D.). The Taberna was the tavern where Iegionaries and civil officials drank, and the Cαuponα was the inn or hotel that put them up for the night.
1. Where do we find the earliest mentions of an inn?
A in the Bible
B in Jacob’s travel notes
C in the work of Herodotus
2. What did the ancient khans offer?
A bed and breakfast
B place to spend the night
C food for people and their animals
3. Did travellers have to provide their own supplies at the khans?
A Yes, they did.
B No, they didn’t.
C Sometimes they did.
4. Where were the caravan-serais built?
A at well-watered places
B far from the roads
C in the city markets
5. Were ancient caravan-serais comfortable?
A Yes, there were all conveniences there.
B Yes, people enjoyed staying in caravan-serais.
C No, people suffered from insects and animals.
6. What kind of inns did the ancient Greeks have?
A They prefered private houses.
B They built luxurious inns.
C They received their guests in open places.
7. Where did the ancient Persians build their luxurious inns?
A along their main roads
B in deserts
C in their villages
8. Who introduced inns into Britain?
A the Romans B the Persians C the Bcdouins
9. What does the word taberna Mean?
A inn B hotel C tavern
Part B
Directions: (Questions 10—15).
Read the text and choose the one best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text. Mark the answer on your answer sheet.
Задания: (10—15)
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, следующие за текстом, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Отметьте Свой Выбор В Бланке Ответов.
The fall of Rome left Europe in a state of fragmentation for several centuries, during which travellers moved only in large, well-armed bands. By IlOO A. D. it was safe to travel again, and this period also marked the beginning of the work of the Knights Hospitalers, who created shelters and hospices for Crusadcrs and pilgrims to the Holy Land. In the thousand years between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the Reformation, European inns developed gradually from small, uncomfortable buildings to larger and more hospitable structures. In most of western Europe wayfarers found abbeys ready to shelter them.
As travel developed through the centuries, a body of hotel law developed to define the rights and obligations of the innkeeper toward guests, together with their rights and obligations toward him. In 1254, for instance, a French law decreed that only persons en route could stay at hotels. And in 1407 the hotel register was introduced in France to enable police to check on the guests.
W. How did travellers move after the fall of Rome?
A in groups
B alone
C didn’t move at all
11. Who created hospices in the 12h century?
A Crusaders
B the Knights Hospitalers
C pilgrims to the Holy Land
12. Where did wayfarers find shelter?
A in the monasteries of the Holy Land
B in European abbeys
C in private houses
13. The word «wayfarer» in sentence 4 is closest in meaning to
A pilgrim B explorer C traveller
14. Who defined the rights and obligations of the innkeeper toward guests?
A innkeepers B city authorities C the law
15. Who could stay at French hotels in the 13th century?
A everybody B only wayfarers C only noblemen
Part C
Directions: (Questions 16—21).
Read the text and say whether Statements 1—6 are True or False. Mark the answer on your answer sheet by putting the correct letter (T — True, F-False). There is an example at the beginning (0).
Задания: (16—21)
Прочитайте текст и определите, какие из приведенных утверждений правильны или неправильны. Отметьте свой выбор в бланке ответов, проставив верные буквы (Т— правильно, F — неправильно). В начале задания дан пример (0).
2 H В Дуда
Europe after 1500
British innkeepers of the I6th, 17th, and 18lh centuries set th< pattern for hotel-keeping in Europe. The big coaches of the 16t century travelled along paths worn across European fields. Bj 1576 England had about 6,000 inns. With the development о trade, good roads were constructed, together with inns an< hotels along the way.
The Industrial Revolution and railroad Constructioi stimulated hotel building in the cities, and many of th< commercial hotels in Britain and on the European continen date from this period, which also saw the creation of the fιrsι resort hotels at spas. Many such European hotels, renovatcc frequently, still occupy their original premises. The hotel Baui au Lac in Zurich opened in 1844, and its owner, Thcodor Baur helped found the first professional hotel school in Ouchy- Lausanne, Switzerland. The Savoy in London opened in 1889 the first Iaige hotel in that city to provide a private bath witl" cach bedroom. Portions of the building’s foundations date bad to Chaucer’s era.
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(0) British innkeepers of the I6’h, 17’h, and 18’h |
(O)T |
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Centuries set the pattern for hotel-keeping in Europe. |
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1. The big coaches of the 16th century travelled along paths worn across Russian fields. |
(16) |
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2. In the 16lh century England had about nine thousand inns. |
(17) |
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3. There were no inns and hotels along the roads in the 17th century. |
(18) |
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4. Many of the commercial hotels in Britain date from the period of the Industrial Revolution. |
(19) |
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5. Many spa hotels still occupy their original premises. |
(20) |
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6. The first professional hotel school in Switzerland was founded with the help of Theodor Baur. |
(21) |
Test 12. Hotel History (II)
PartA
Directions: (Questions 1—5).
Choose the one best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text. Mark the answer on your answer sheet.
Задания: (1—5)
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Отметьте Свой Выбор В Бланке Ответов.
The most dramatic hotel development, however, took place in the United States, where inns started in seaports in the 17th century. As people moved inland, inns were built along the rivers and the post roads. One of the earliest inns was the Blue Anchor in Philadelphia (1682).
The first colonial post offices were established in 1710, and the inns multiplied and improved along the post roads. But guests often slept on the floor of the inn’s long room with a dozen or more travellers of both sexes, feet toward the fireplace and heads pillowed on rolled-up coats. Inn signs were pictorial because many of the colonial travellers could not read.
Resort hotels started early. One was built at Yellow Springs, Pa., after mineral springs were discovered there in 1722, and a hotel at York Sulphur Springs, Pa., opened in 1790. By 1830 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., had become the most fashionable watering place in the United States. Hot Springs, Va., got its start at about that time, as did White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., and the resort development at Niagara Falls. Long Branch Cape May and other towns along the New Jersey shore became popular resorts in the 1850s.
The hotel Tremont, opened in Boston in 1829, was the first truly luxurious hotel. It was the first to offer private bedrooms with locks on the doors; the first to have bellboys and room clerks. The Tremont was widely copied on the eastern sea-board and in Europe, but most especially in the American West, where the first building in each town was often a hotel.
Railroads had an enormous influence on hotel development; from the 1860s to the early 1920s most large hotels in major cities were built near railroad stations.
The 1920s set off the greatest hotel-building boom the United States had ever seen.
The initial effects of World War 11 were mostly negative. Most hotels lost half their staff within a year after the war’s start. But most hotels, fully booked and understaffed, had people sleeping in their public rooms. Profits were high but times were hard. A postwar hotel boom accompanied the growth of mass travel in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The lodging industry continued to grow in the 1970s and 1980s, although the worldwide recession of the late 1980s and early 1990s put a virtual halt to hotel — and motel — building in many areas.
1. Where were the first inns built?
A along the rivers
B along the post roads
C by the sea
2. The Blue Anchor was the name of…
A the hotel B the seaport C the ship
3. What region of the USA became famous owing to its resorts in the 18th century?
A Panama Area
B Pennsylvania
C the New Jersey shore
4. What modern conveniences did the hotel Tremont offer?
A individual bathrooms
B en-suite bedrooms
C breakfast in bed
5. At the beginning of the 20lh century large hotels were situated…
A on the sea-board
B at the railway stations
C in the capitals of the states
PartB
Directions: (Questions 6—16).
Test your vocabulary. Complete these sentences by using the correct word from the box. Use each word once only. There is an extra word which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Задания: (6—16).
Закончите предложения, используя подходящее слово из рамки. Используйте каждое слово только один раз. В начале задания дан пример (0). В рамке есть лишнее слово, которое не нужно использовать.
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Comfortable |
Europe |
Signs |
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The USA |
Railroads |
Coats |
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Luxurious |
The eastern sea-board |
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Negative |
Railroad stations |
The floor |
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The post roads |
The growth |
The rivers |
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The fireplace |
Public rooms |
(0) The most dramatic hotel development took place in The USA.
6. Inns were built along
7. The inns multiplied and improved along.
8. Guests often slept on, feet toward and heads pillowed on.
9. were pictorial because many of the colonial travellers could not read.
10. The hotel Tremont, opened in Boston in 1829, was the first hotel.
11. The Tremont was widely copied on and in.
12. had an enormous influence on hotel development.
13. From the 1860s to the early 1920s most large hotels in major cities were built near.
14. The initial effects of World War 11 were mostly.
15. Most hotels had people sleeping in their.
16. A postwar hotel boom accompanied
Of mass travel in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Directions: (Questions 1—15).
Read the text and choose the one best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text. Mark the answer on your answer sheet.
Задания: (I—15)
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы, следующие за текстом, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа. Отметьте свой выбор в бланке ответов.
Deep Waters
(after P G. Wodehouse)
It is said that there was a young man in Rome who won the admiration of the whole city by his ability as a swimmer. People used to say “he swims like a fish” or “the strongest fish swim like him!”
George Callender was such a swimmer too. In his clothes he did not look unusual. But when he took off his clothes and entered the water a great change immediately took place. Other men made a great noise and created tremendous waves around them: George moved through the sea as silently and as powerfully as a torpedo. When he swam people opened their mouths and forgot to close them.
George came to Marvis Bay on the sea-coast one evening in July. Marvis Bay is a pleasant place, visited by many tourists and people on vacation. The sand is clean and yellow, and there is a long pier, where visitors can enjoy walks in the sea air.
But now, at dinner-time, George was alone on the pier. The late sun shone on the blue water, but he did not look at the beauty around him. He could not: his mind was full of dark thoughts about the difficulties and disappointments of his young life. Because George was a writer, an author, a dramatist. How happy he had been when his play was accepted for production!
And how terrible the days when he had to sit in the theatre at rehearsals and watch the director and the theatrical company at work. They had shortened and changed his best lines; they had cut and thrown out some of the most heroic, the most dramatic scenes. George had explained; George had struggled; at last he had quarrelled and shouted; nobody had listened. His words could not rich their ears, or touch their stony hearts. George could stay in London no longer, and he had come to Marvis Bay to put evejything out of his mind.
But this was not easy to do. George thought of the months of hard labour he had spent writing the scenes that were now lost for ever. As he stood looking down, he pitied himself, he was ready to cry — until, suddenly, he noticed the most beautiful girl swimming in the water near the pier.
She swam well. As a specialist, George could see it immediately. He watched with admiration, as she moved easily and quickly over the waves towards the pier where George was standing. As she came nearer, he leaned over the rail to see her better. At that moment, the girl turned to swim on her back; and her eyes met his. Then she turned over again and disappeared under the pier. By this time, George had leaned over the rail as far as possible, holding the rail with both hands. Now he leaned over still farther, so far that his hat fell off his head. George forgot that he had to hold the rail with both hands: he tried to catch his hat with one hand — and lost his balance and fell into the water.
Ordinarily, falling into the sea, Orjumping into the sea with all his clothes on could not make George feel very uncomfortable. He could swim to a boat, if a boat happened to be near, or to the shore, and walk up out of the water, laughing a little over the incident. So now, he shook the water out of his eyes and was about to begin swimming to the shore, which was less than a hundred yards away. But at this moment, he felt two strong hands under his back and a voice in his ear said: “ Don’t be afraid; don’t struggle; there is no danger”.
George did not struggle. His mind was working like a first — class motor, and it already had a plan of action. For a young man, one of the most difficult things in the world is to be introduced to the girl of his drcams under the right conditions. What a wonderful opportunity this was for George! “How simple”, he thought, as she pulled him towards the beach. They were not yet friends, but they had met. A girl who has saved a man from death in the sea cannot pass by him the next day without speaking to him.
George lay quiet in the water, hoping they would not reach the beach for a long time. But everything must end sooner or later. George felt sand under his feet, the girl helped him to stand up. George began to express his thanks, but she interrupted him: “It was nothing. Nothing at all. It was just lucky that I happened to be there.”
“It was wonderful!” the dramatist said with deep feeling.
“You are the bravest, the finest, the best…”
He saw that she was smiling.
“You are very wet,” she said.
George looked down at his clothes. It had been a nice suit once.
“Now, you must hurry home and put on something dry.”
Looking around, George saw a crowd of people coming down on the sand towards them. It was time to leave.
“Do you live far?” she asked.
“Not far. Γm staying at the Beach Hotel.”
“Oh! So am 1. 1 hope we shall meet again.”
“I’m sure we shall,” said George, with no doubt in his voice.
“How did you happen to fall off the pier?”
“1 was… er… 1 was looking at something in the water.” “Yes, I noticed that”, said the girl, quietly.
George’s face was red. “I know,” he said. “It’s not very decent to stand watching…”
“You must learn to swim,” the girl interrupted. “1 can’t understand why every boy in this country isn’t taught to swim before he is ten years old. It isn’t difficult at all, really. 1 can teach you in a week.”
Like all decent people, George didn’t like liars, and ordinarily he didn’t tell lies. But this time, the struggle between George and George’s conscience was short. His conscience had no chance to win from the beginning.
“1’11 be glad and thankful if you will,” said George. And even before he finished saying the words, he knew that he would have to continue telling lies for many days. The true explanation was impossible. But his heart was not heavy; it even sang a little.
“Wb’ll start tomorrow,” the girl said. “We’ll talk about it at the hotel. 1 don’t want to talk to all these people coming down here. Γm going to swim out again.”
She hurried into the deeper water. George turned and went up the beach, pushing his way through the crowd that had collected there.
1. George was
A a legendary swimmer of Rome
B an artist
C a writer
2. George
A could swim a little
B was a very good swimmer
C couldn’t swim at all
3. He came to the pier
A to finish his new play
B to rest after hard work
C to get rid of his gloomy thoughts
4. He felt
A light-hearted and happy
B sad and gloomy
Csure ofhimself
5. Choose the correct statement:
A A sudden noise interrupted George’s thoughts.
B George became interested in the fish playing in the water. C George noticed a girl swimming towards the place where he was standing.
6. George
A enjoyed watching the girl.
B was irritated, because the girl disturbed him.
C was afraid of the girl.
7. Thegirl
A shouted to George: “Be careful!”
B didn’t see George.
C noticed George watching her.
8. George
A jumped into the water to save the girl.
B fell into the water by chance.
C fell into the water on purpose.
9. When George found himself in the water
A he became frightened.
B he began to shout for help.
C he was about to start swimming in the direction of the shore.
10. Thegirl
A paid no attention to George.
B swam to George.
Cbegan to shout for help.
11. George
A pretended to be a poor swimmer.
B refused the girl’s help.
C didn’t want the girl to think he coudn’t swim.
12. George
A reached the shore alone.
B was pulled out of the water by the girl.
Cbegan to swim himself.
13. Thegirl
A was angry with George for his carelessness.
B didn’t want to listen to George.
C offered to teach George to swim.
14. When George heard the girl’s words he felt
A ashamed of himself.
B happy.
C rather disappointed.
15. The gid
A knew why George had fallen into the water. Bguessed the truth about George’s ability to swim. C didn’t want anybody to listen to their conversation.